Effect of Groove Designs on Residual Stress and Transverse Shrinkage in GMAW and PGMAW of A333 Seamless Steel Pipes
处理参数对两卷穿孔操作性能的影响
2022年6月29日无缝钢管的分类，生产过程和机械性能
2022年7月5日
The e®ectiveness of weld joints primarily depends on the fusion of base metal, minimum heat- a®ected zone (HAZ) and lesser residual stresses. The severity of thermomechanical e®ects e.g. weld shrinkages and residual stresses is signi¯cantly minimized by narrow gap welding tech- nique over the traditional welding. This work describes the welding of A333 Grade 3 steel pipes by the application of GMAW and PGMAW techniques. The analysis is made to capture the e®ects of groove designs on residual stress and transverse shrinkage. The process parameters used for the analysis are voltage, current and welding speed. In this work, narrow groove design using PGMAW process is capable of reducing the number of passes and area of weld deposit by 35–40% by volume. In PGMAW, decrement in residual stresses is observed with a narrow groove compared to conventional V groove technique. The results are validated by metallurgical and mechanical investigation of welded joints. This work will help other researchers to under- stand the e®ect of narrow gap welding using an optimum number of passes for thick pipes.
关键字：横向收缩；PGMAW;残余应力；haz;狭窄的凹槽设计；A333钢。
1.简介
各种厚度的低碳钢管道可在北端结构的发展中使用，并且具有广泛的利用范围。这些钢的机械性能主要取决于成分的化学成分。A333，
*Corresponding author.Grade 3 pipes have great formability and weldability. These alloys have high yield strength and ultimate tensile strength, i.e. 240 and 450 MPa, respectively. According to American piping products, A333 steel is good for low-temperature applications.1
焊接主要用于建筑和管道行业。焊接接头由于焊接热周期而受到严重的残留变形。2-4残余应力会导致许多问题，例如裂纹，性能恶化，收缩和较小的强度。5因此，有必要测量收缩和收缩和收缩和
在焊接过程中产生的相关残余应力。6此外，还有一个重新
询问以开发合适的焊接技术，以最大程度地减少焊缝中的残余应力。
厚管焊接的常见过程是SMA，FSW，TIGW和气体金属电弧焊接（GMAW）。这些过程在°uence中焊接热周期，焊接沉积量，屏蔽环境和各种焊接参数。7–9 PGMAW工艺在80年代后期使用，并且可以更好地控制声焊缝。10,11更好对GMAW过程中弧的控制是由于峰值电流（IBase电流（IB），频率（F），峰值脉冲持续时间（TP），基本电流持续时间（TB），
等。这些参数提供相对较低的热量输入。无量纲的钥匙因子ؼ½ðib=ipÞf *tb]用于°uence脉冲特征。9,12-14
由于焊接区域中的局部加热和冷却周期，可以在较厚截面的焊接中开发大型热梯度。由于焊接材料的膨胀和收缩方面的不同，将开发出明显的MIST菌株。弹性应变可以使MIST的凹痕值调整。然而，非常高的MIST菌株会诱导局部塑性变形，从而导致残留应力的发展。当该组件属于热等位基库时，焊接附近会出现值得注意的残留应力。由于大量的热机械循环，可以主要针对较厚的部分找到这种情况。15对于大型组件，施加剩余应力消除是不同的
诸如Shot Peening，激光震动等技术等技术等16
在重板中，与传统焊接相比，具有狭窄凹槽设计的GMAW具有最大的E±智能和质量更高。17热热的严重程度
mechanical e®ects can be signi¯cantly reduced by lowering the volume of weld metal in a joint and the same can be achieved by a narrow gap welding technique for thicker sections. Narrow groove also provides better productivity due to less weld volume and lesser welding time. Tan et al.. demonstrated the narrow gap TIG welding of nuclear rotor steel pipes. They studied the residual stress developed using the hole drilling technique.18 Xu et al. studied the mechanical and microstructural
通过狭窄的间隙焊接制造的HSLA钢的性能。尚未完成E®部件来比较各种凹槽设计中产生的残余应力。这项工作是为了评估使用GMAW和PGMAW工艺评估残余应力和横向收缩（TS）。为了获得更好的结果，已经报道了这些过程与狭窄的凹槽设计的比较。
