套管的分类和功能

1. Sarung
2. 套管的分类和功能

Casing is the steel pipe that supports the wall of oil and gas wells。根据不同的钻井深度和地质条件，每个孔都使用了几层套管。Cement cementing should be used after the casing is run down the well。Ia berbeza dengan paip tiub dan gerudi dan tidak dapat digunakan kembali. Ia adalah bahan habis pakai sekali sahaja. Oleh itu,the consumption of casing accounts for more than70% dari semua paip telaga minyak.Casing can be divided into: saluran, selongsong permukaan,technical casing and oil casing according to the usage,their structure in the oil well is shown in Figure1.

① Guide sleeve:mainly used for drilling in the ocean and desert to separate seawater and sand to ensure smooth drilling。这层外壳的主要规格是:∮762mm（30dalam）× 25.4mm,∮762mm（30dalam）× 19.06mm。

② Surface casing:It is mainly used for the first drilling,to drill the soft stratum on the surface to the bedrock。为了隔离层的这一部分并防止其崩溃,有必要使用表面套管密封。The main specifications of the surface casing: 508mm (20dalam), 406.4mm (16dalam), 339.73mm (13-3/8dalam), 273.05mm (10-3/4dalam), 244.48mm (9-5/8dalam), dan lain-lain.垂体深度取决于软地层的深度,generally 80~1500m。The external pressure and internal pressure it bears are not large,generally K55 steel grade or N80 steel grade is used。

③ Technical casing

Technical casing is used in the drilling process of complex strata。When encountering complex parts such as slump layer,oil layer,gas layer,water layer,lost layer,salt and gypsum layer, dan lain-lain.,它需要用技术外壳密封,otherwise drilling will not be able to conduct。Some wells have deep and complex formations,and the depth of the wells is several thousand meters。Such deep wells require several layers of technical casing,and their mechanical properties and sealing performance are very high,and the steel grades used are also high。Except for K55,More N80 and P110 steel grades are used,and some deep wells also use Q125 or even higher non-API steel grades such as V150。技术袖子的主要规格是：339.73mm（13-3/8Dalam），273.05mm（10-3/4Dalam），244.48mm（9-5/8Dalam），219.08mm（8-5/8Dalam），193.68mm（7-5/8Dalam），177.8mm（7dalam），丹·莱恩·莱恩。

④ Oil layer casing

When the drilling reaches the target layer(layers containing oil and gas),the oil and gas layer and the upper exposed formation need to be sealed by the oil layer casing,and the oil layer casing is the oil pipe。油层套管在各种外壳中的运行深度最深,and its mechanical properties and sealing performance requirements are also the highest。The steel grades used are K55,N80, P110, Q125, V150, dan lain-lain.The main specifications of oil layer casing are: 177.8mm(7dalam), 168.28mm(6-5/8dalam), 139.7mm(5-1/2dalam), 127mm(5dalam), 114.3mm(4-1/2dalam), dan lain-lain.

2. 套管的长度

请参阅表12for a range of sleeve lengths。Although the API 5CT standard specifies three ranges, sebenarnya,the delivery length of domestic and foreign casings uses the R3 range。国内市场通常为10.5〜1110m,and the international market is generally 42~44ft（12.77~13.38m).

3. Casing steel grade and chemical composition

The steel grades of the casing are H40, J55, K55, M65,N80，L80，C90，C95，T95，P110，Q125，V150。

H40 is the lowest steel grade and is rarely used in the market。

The yield strength of J55(domestic)and K55(foreign)belong to the same level。The difference between the two is that the tensile strength of K55 is higher than that of J55。

N80dibahagikan kepada N80-1 dan N80Q.

L80 Dibahagikan Kepada L80-1，L80-9CR DAN L80-13CR。

C90分为C90-1和C90-2。

Q125 is divided into Q125-1,Q125-2,Q125-3 and Q125-4。

V150 is a non-API high-strength steel grade,mainly used in deep and ultra-deep wells。

The chemical composition requirements of the API standard for the casing are shown in Table6.Like oil pipes,the API standard is also a wide-ranging guideline for the chemical composition of casings,and each manufacturer has its own special grades for casings。

2. Paip gerudi
3. Classification and function of pipes for drilling tools

凯利，paip gerudi，weighted drill pipe and drill collar in the drilling tool form the drill string。The drill string is the core drilling tool that drives the drill bit from the ground to the bottom of the well,and it is also a channel from the ground to the bottom of the well。它的主要功能是3: 1)to transmit torque to drive the drill bit to drill;2)to apply pressure to the drill bit to break the rock at the bottom of the hole by its own weight;3)运输清洁液, itu dia,钻泥被驱动到钻头穿过地面上的高压泥浆泵，孔流入井的底部以刷牙并冷却钻头,and carry the cuttings back to the surface through the annular space between the outer surface of the drill string and the well wall to achieve the purpose of drilling。During the drilling process,钻绳受到各种复杂的交替载荷,such as tension, pemampatan,torsion,bending and other stresses,and the inner surface is also subjected to erosion and卡基桑by high-pressure mud。

(1)Kelly:凯利有两种类型:正方形和六角形。my country’s oil drill pipe usually uses a square drill pipe for each drill string。它的规格是：63.5mm（2-1/2Dalam），88.9mm（3-1/2Dalam），107.95mm（4-1/4Dalam），133.35mm（5-1/4Dalam），152.4mm（6Dalam），Dan Lain--lain。。Usually the length is 12~14.5m。

（2）Paip gerudi:The drill pipe is the main tool for drilling,连接到凯利的下端。As the drilling continues to deepen,the drill pipe continues to lengthen the drill string one by one。The specifications of the drill pipe are：60.3mm（2-3/8dalam），73.03mm（2-7/8Dalam），88.9mm（3-1/2Dalam），114.3mm（4-1/2Dalam），127mm（5Dalam），139.7mm（5）（5-1/2dalam），丹·莱恩·莱恩（Dan Lain-Lain）。

(3)加权钻管:The weighted drill pipe is a transition tool connecting the drill pipe and the drill collar,which can improve the force condition of the drill pipe and increase the pressure on the drill bit。The main specifications of the weighted drill pipe are: 88.9mm (3-1/2dalam)and 127mm(5dalam), dan lain-lain.

⑷ Drill collar:The drill collar is connected to the lower part of the drill string。It is an extra-thick-walled tube with high rigidity,which exerts pressure on the drill bit to break the rock,and can play a guiding role when drilling a vertical well。Common specifications of drill collars are: 158.75mm (6-1/4dalam), 177.85mm (7dalam), 203.2mm (8dalam), 228.6mm (9dalam), dan lain-lain.

2. Keluli gred,grade and delivery status of drill pipe

The steel grade,钻头的等级和交付状态显示在表中15.The API 5D standard only stipulates the content of phosphorus and sulfur for the chemical composition of drill pipe,and other components are selected by the manufacturer,as long as they meet the performance and use requirements。All drill pipe manufacturers at home and abroad have their own special grades。桌上的成绩15are those of Hengyang Steel Pipe(Kumpulan)Company。

tiga,oil pipe thread

1. Oil pipe thread type

Commonly used oil pipe threads are as follows:

API螺纹管圆线

Casing short round thread

Oil Pipe Thread Casing Long Round Thread

套管支撑线

thread Khas

2. 油线量表

The gauge is a thread detection tool。Different thread types and different sizes require different gauges。Oleh itu,the thread processing plant needs to be equipped with a large number of gauges,量规是可消耗品的物品,当它被先前的量规不合格时，应将其废弃。

There are different grades of gauges,通常应该配备螺纹工厂。工作量表用于检查钢管线,and the proof gauge is used to check the work gauge。

Each gauge is divided into plug gauge and ring gauge。The plug gauge is used to inspect the inner thread of the coupling,and the ring gauge is used to inspect the outer thread of the pipe。

3. Introduction of special buckle

A special thread is a pipe thread with a special structure that is different from an API thread。Although the current API threaded oil casing has been widely used in oil well production,在某些油田的特殊环境中,它的缺点很明显:API圆形螺纹管字符串,although its sealing performance is better。bagaimanapun,the tensile force on the threaded part is only equivalent to60% kepada 80%of the strength of the pipe body,so it cannot be used in the mining of deep wells;尽管API支柱线连接的管串的拉伸性能高于API圆线的连接更高,but its sealing performance is not very good,因此，它不能用于生产高压气井;Sebagai Tambahan，thread grease can only play its role in the environment where the temperature is below95°C，so it cannot be used in the production of high-temperature wells。Penggunaan。

Compared with API round thread and partial trapezoidal thread connection,the special buckle connection has made breakthrough progress in the following aspects: (1)Good sealing performance,through the design of elastic and metal sealing structure,the air sealing resistance of the joint reaches the limit of the pipe body Internal yield pressure;（2）With high connection strength,与特殊扣的机油套管的连接强度达到或超过管子的强度,which fundamentally solves the problem of slippage;(3)Through the selection of materials and the improvement of surface treatment technology,the basic Solve the problem of thread sticking;(4)通过优化结构,the stress distribution of the joint is more reasonable and more conducive to stress corrosion resistance;(5)Through the reasonable design of the shoulder structure,化妆操作更容易执行。

Pada masa ini, lebih daripada 100具有专利技术的特殊扣已在世界各地开发,but only more than10are used in large quantities。Mannesmann BDS buckle,日本NKK Company NK3SB扣,Japan Nippon Steel company NSCC buckle,Japan Kawasaki company FOX buckle,Japan Sumitomo company TM buckle,Argentina Stega company SEC buckle, dan lain-lain.These buckle types are also common in the world。Special buckle used。